In Egypt their pyramids and temples also represent cosmic mountains. There are over 100 pyramids in Egypt and almost all face north. The great pyramid at Giza is no exception to this rule, but it does so with the greatest of precision. Krupp observes “whatever may be hypothesized about the pyramid, there is no doubt that it is aliened astronomically, and with extreme precision.” P102 “The north face of the
ziggurat Cylender

great pyramid has a shaft with a 31 degree northward ascent.  According to Krupp this shaft points to the cosmic region of the Northern Sphere and to the pharaoh’s celestial destiny. He writes: “mentioned in the Pyramid Texts. Thuban, as the North Star, was in a sense first among the circumpolar stars or “Imperishable Stars”…Thuban, then, made an appropriate target for the northern shaft.” The northern shaft is a “symbolic reference to the pharaoh’s celestial destin(y)” P105 Echoes of the ancient skies.  Khufu apparently believed it was his destiny to be seated on the sides of the north in the celestial region which orders heaven and earth.  Wilkinson in his book, The complete temples of ancient Egypt, points out that the Egyptian temples with their twin pylon-mountain entrances also severed as a gate or portal to the gods. He writes: “The entrance pylons were built to mirror the twin mountain in the hieroglyph for the horizon (akhet) on which the sun rose each day.” These temples “served as a kind of portal by which gods and men might pass from one realm to the other…the temple stood at the critical point – the focal point or fulcrum between different worlds and spheres – between heaven and earth human and divine, chaos and order.” The complete temples of ancient Egypt, Wilkinson. P79 According to the late A. H. Sayce who was an Anthropologist, linguist, and Professor of Assyriology at Oxford the Egyptian hieroglyph for the horizon, the twin-mountains with the sun rising or setting between them was of Babylonian origin. He writes: “the conception of the twin-mountains between which the sun-god comes forth every morning, and between which he passes again at nightfall, is of Babylonian origin… the great Epic of Chaldea narrated how the hero Gilgames(h) made his way to them”  It is with a high degree of certainty that he is correct and therefore a direct link exists between the temples in Egypt and the great mountain of Sumer(u) i.e.the tower of Babel.

Even though the concept of Mount Sumeru as the center of the world as employed by the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism has its roots in ancient times it is still used in their modern temples. According to Fredrick Bunce, in his book the Iconography of Architectural Plans: a study of the Influence of Buddhism and Hinduism on the Plans of South and Southeast Asia, the Cosmic Mount as a symbol of the center of the world is a universal architectural archetype used by both Religions in their temple construction. He writes: “In both Buddhism and Hinduism,…Mount Meru (Sumeru)…the center of the world, is venerated by both religions. It is the locus of the world, the home of the gods.” P32   In support of his statement he points out the Buddhist stupa is a representation of Mount Meru. Meru is the contracted version of the name Sumeru and in Hinduism and Buddhism the names can be use interchangeably. He writes: “The Stupa is seen not only as a burial monument, it is also a mystic container holding important images, various offerings and often scared scriptures. More importantly the stupa is the phenomenal world’s representation of the cosmic Mount Meru.” P33 According to the M.A. in his book on Angkor points out that the roof tower crowning the shine in a Hindu temple also represents Mount Meru. He gives the meaning of Mount Meru. He states Mount Meru “stands at the cosmic axis and the center of the world…As the world axis, Mount Meru reaches down below the ground, into the nether regions, as far as it extends into the heavens. Angkor p136 --- M. A  Once again a clear and direct connection is made between the mountain-tower of Babel and the temples of the ancient/modern world. The correlation between the temples of Hinduism, Buddhism and the cosmic mount of Babel include the following: they function as the gate to god(s), their base descend into the underworld, their peaks reach unto heaven, they are representations of the center of the world, they are orientated to the northern sphere. In addition to these there is a clear trade-migratory connection between the ancient cultures’ of the Tigris-Euphrates and the Hindus-Arian.